![]() ![]() “We have the first recorded use in Ancient Egypt, because they were writing things down on papyri which have survived,” cosmetics historian Madeleine Marsh, who authored Compacts and Cosmetics: Beauty from Victorian Times to the Present Day, tells Broadly. What we know about Ancient Egyptians’ use of makeup is due to their devotion to recording their lives on papyrus, burying their dead with artifacts, and leaving behind extraordinary pieces of artwork. Both poor and wealthy Egyptians wore kohl, but many belonging to lower classes had to substitute lead and other minerals for fire soot, meaning that the quality of one’s kohl (detectable by its shine and wear) could be used as a measure of class. While it outlined and complimented their eyes, beautification wasn’t their only impetus to use kohl: Historians believe that cultural reasons for wearing kohl included honoring deities, reducing the sun’s glare, and even maintaining hygiene (in 2010, scientists discovered kohl’s antibacterial abilities). In Ancient Egypt, kohl was worn by both men and women. Historians have also found evidence of the use of kohl and other eyeliner-like substances in Ancient societies among Romans (who called it platyophthalmon), the Canaanites in the Levant, the Ancient Greeks, and more. Kohl dates back to the Protodynastic period in 3100 BC, long before Nefertiti’s reign. Given her long neck, high cheekbones, and perfectly symmetrical features, the world was captivated by Nefertiti’s undeniable beauty-fittingly, her name means "the beautiful one has come forth.” The widespread fascination with the sculpture and Ancient Egypt at large led to a trend that propelled eyeliner into the 20th century, where it mimicked the thick, black line of kohl that outlined Nefertiti’s almond-shaped eyes. In 1912, German Egyptologist Ludwig Borchardt discovered the bust of Ancient Egyptian Queen Nefertiti in Amarna, Egypt. Though its formulas have differed based on time, location, and the class of its wearers, its function has remained the same: to decorate eyes, brows, and occasionally other facial features. Kohl is a mixture of galena, a form of lead sulfide, and other minerals mixed with water, oil, or other soluble substances, like animal fat. Send us feedback about these examples.Long before makeup artists demonstrated how to perfect a smokey eye on YouTube, the people of Ancient Egypt used kohl, the first recorded eyeliner-like substance known to historians, to trace their eyes. ![]() These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'eyeliner.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Jennifer Hussein, Allure, 24 June 2023 See More Christina Goldbaum Jim Huylebroek, New York Times, 29 June 2023 This set also comes with an Eye Kohl in Teddy, a warm, subtle brown eyeliner that's perfect for everyday wear. Vulture, 5 June 2023 Nearby, two teenage girls in crimson lipstick and thick eyeliner took selfies on their iPhones. ![]() Liza Esquibias, Peoplemag, 6 June 2023 Get ready to lay on the purple eyeliner come July 7. Jolene Edgar, Harper's BAZAAR, 8 June 2023 Kelly wore her light purple hair in a high bun as black eyeliner was applied, while Minnie was pictured wearing shimmery pink eyeshadow. Philip Ellis, Men's Health, 15 July 2023 While our bodies shouldn’t be subject to the same whims as our hair or eyeliner or jeans, culture’s influence over anatomy is undeniably strong. Briannah Rivera, Seventeen, 18 July 2023 In the most recent installment of the show, one aspect of Holland's performance in particular has garnered attention: a scene in which his character Danny Sullivan, adorned in black eyeliner, has a tryst with another man in a bathroom stall in a nightclub. Chloe King, Vogue, 26 July 2023 Her hair was wavy and voluminous, and her makeup was on the edgier side, with black eyeliner in her waterline and a bronzed smokey eye look. Recent Examples on the Web Take care of my skin, a flick of an eyeliner, maybe a red lip. ![]()
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